Consolidation grouting is generally performed by stage or stop grouting. Stage grouting is sometimes called “downstage” while stop grouting is known as “upstage” grouting. In both stage and stop grouting, the zone to be grouted is isolated by the use of packers. Each isolated zone or stage is grouted until refusal are obtained. Grout mixture is injected until refusal while the mixture is gradually thickened. The split spacing method is often implemented to reduce the risk of incomplete grout coverage. Split spacing simply means a series of primary * holes are drilled and grouted first. The distance between the primary holes is halved, and secondary holes are drilled and grouted between the primary holes. This process can continue to include tertiary and quarterly holes, as required.
The Consolidation grouting of rock foundation is a detracting constructional system for most of the wide projects all over the world. Grouting procedures are properly managed by designer. Starting from inspection and planning, data presentation, quality works, cost issues and all other matters. That will affect the system when it comes to costing and development.
There are also factors to be considered before grouting occurs such as the:
Properties of the cement material or grout,
rock mass properties,
Soil classification,
and the Grouting techniques
